To improve drug permeability, micropore ablation using RF is performed by passing an alternating electrical current through the skin at a frequency higher than 100kHz. Biomacromolecules 8, 2464-2475. Unperturbed dimensions and the theta temperature of dextran in ethylene glycol solutions. Quantitative data are presented as the meanstandard deviation, and comparisons were carried out using one-way ANOVA (Systat Software Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). However, considering the trauma and unethical practices associated with animal experiments, in vitro studies with human cadaver skin offers an ethical and viable alternative. 2015;23(3):2239. dextran hydrodynamic radius. Many works are aimed at determining molecular weights [1, 7, 26], hydrodynamic radius, among other parameters for characterizing the physics and chemistry properties of dextran in solution. By studying the molecular weights of various solutions of polymer, Solomon-Ciuta arrived at the formula which allowed the calculation of the intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions by a single viscosity determination. Table 1 shows some values of dextrans Mark-Houwink parameters, from literature consulted, where all data are based on the logarithmic plot of intrinsic viscosity [] and molecular weight Mw. Skin barrier disruption by acetone: observations in a hairless mouse skin model. Results and Discussion The microscopic dynamics of proteins are probed in a light scattering experiment. Influence of molecular weight on Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. Sung-Wook Choi. 8580 Macromolecules 34, Notes - NIST Treatment of acne scars by fractional bipolar radiofrequency energy. Viscosity, sedimentation, and light-scattering properties of fraction of an acidhydrolyzed dextran. Journal Argentine Chemical Society 100 (2013) 25-34. Hrabchak C, Flynn L, Woodhouse KA. We will also conduct further studies on the regeneration of human cadaver skin and evaluate the possibilities of clinical trials. A few percent of R (13) glucosidic linkages provides side chains which appear to be short. The unfolding of iRFP713 in a crowded milieu - PeerJ Conducting a comparative analysis of the data shown in Table 1 can observer that parameter data Mark-Houwink a, obtained by these authors are very similar to that obtained in this work, which affirms its validity. Search Polymers | Free Full-Text | Confinement-Induced Fractionation and Viscosity of in water solution polysaccharides depends on intrinsic characteristics of the biopolymer (such as molecular weight, volume, size, shape, surface charge, deformation facility, esterification degree, and galacturonic content) and on ambient factors (such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, solvent, etc.). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7. At 25C both values of a and kM-H are within the range reported by [3, 8, 16]. Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. Various average molecular weights (Mv, Mn, Mw, and Mz) instead of Mv were substituted in M-H equation. ; Grishchenko, A.E. GPC Symp. Pharmacol Pharm. The Solomon-Ciuta single-point method is used for calculating dextran intrinsic viscosity and the error relative is calculated, and %RE respect to Huggins method is >4.18% for 2000kDa, and >2.06% for 8.8kDa (Table 2). Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. 4K and M.W. Quintanilla-Pineda M, Achou CG, Daz J, Gutirrez-Falcon A, Bravo M, Herrera-Muoz JI, Pea-Navarro N, Alvarado C, Ibaez FC, Marzo F. Foods. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. A novel high dextran yielding Weissella cibaria JAG8 for cereal food application. The value of P increases from 1.0272 to 1.2694 (spherical shape with tendency to spheroid for high Mw). Accessibility The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The human and pig skin permeability of FITC-dextran (M.W. Rissmann R, Oudshoorn MHM, Hennink WE, Ponec M, Bouwstra JA. The Intrinsic Viscosity of Biological Macromolecules. Keywords: CAS Intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in the absence and in the presence of extra salt: Consequences of the stepwise conversion of dextran into a polycation. A simple way of universalizing the measurements is shown in figure 4 where there is a curve at each temperature for every molecular weight. Levin G, Gershonowitz A, Sacks H, Stern M, Sherman A, Rudaev S, Zivin I, Phillip M. Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels. Epub 2012 Oct 18. The correct way to interpret what Mark-Houwink parameters is determined graphically ln [] versus ln Mw, where Mw is the molecular weight provided by manufacturer, and calculate the percentage relative error (%RE) respect to Mw. The measurements of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were taken using the Tewameter (Courage-Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) to evaluate the skin barrier function after microporation. Curvale, R.; Masuelli, M.; Perez Padilla, A. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Chromatographic characterization of polymers: Hyphenated and multidimensional techniques. The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their Fixable: Fixable via Lysine. De Belder, A.N. These constants can be determined experimentally by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of several polymer samples for which the molecular weight has been determined by an independent method (i.e. After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. Measurements were made with a Ubbelohde C type suspended level viscometer [57] (IVA, Argentina); with a diameter capillary of 0.81mm and water draining time of 35.89s at 20C, with viscometer constant of 0.027883 mm2/s [58]. The range of temperatures used was 25-50 (0.1) C and it was regulated by thermostatic bath Haake C. The viscosity measurements required Hagenbach-Couette correction time (tg 37.31s). Dextran (DX) is one type of EPS synthesized by LAB in the presence of sucrose (R g), radius of hydrodynamic (R h), polymer conformation parameter ( = R g /R h), intrinsic viscosity ([]), Mark-Houwink coefficient () and branching degree of DXs of RPYs prepared under different conditions. In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. 2009;301(8):60913. The dextran has the advantage in terms of low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and water-solubility. dextran All authors read and approved the final manuscript. California Privacy Statement, The study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. 2013;3(5):3588605. In the case of the work performed in references [34, 35, 36] they studied using the number average molecular weight, which rearranges the value of a and forces it to enter into unbranched or linear molecules, on the other hand, if molecular weights are used the value would be less than 0.5. Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. Progr. WebLabeled dextrans are hydrophilic polysaccharides most commonly used in microscopy studies to monitor cell division, track the movement of live cells, and to report the Figure3 shows a magnified image of human cadaver skin with microchannels formed by the microporation device (250kHz) and the skin closure over time. All branched polysaccharide types could be described approximately by the hyperbranching theory. Im Tiefkhlgert (-5 bis -30C) lagern und vor Licht schtzen. Kano S, Todo H, Furui K, Kenichi S, Tokudome Y, Hashimoto F, Kojima H, Sugibayashi K. Comparison of several reconstructed cultured human skin models by microscopic observation: their usefulness as an alternative membrane for skin in drug permeation experiments. WebDiffusivity of 2000 kDa Dextran was significantly lower for both hydrogel formulations, but was insensitive to collagen concentration, likely due to a larger hydrodynamic diameter (d h ~ 70 nm) on order of the collagen mesh size. The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. Hi Alan F Rawle sir, Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 6 (molecular weight= 6000) and dextran 70 (molecular weight 70000) government site. In the case of a poor solvent, a temperature increase causes an increase in entropy and intrinsic viscosity and is favorable for the extended conformation. Synthesis of dextran by dextransucrase treated, sucrose-supplemented skimmed milk revealed the promising potential of dextran as a food additive. Biomaterials Research Immediately after 2, 5, and 10 times microporations, 97.1432.39, 80.5715.51, and 82.3916.49m sizes of micropores were formed on the skin, respectively. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular The relative browning for dextran from W. cibaria JAG8 was similar to commercial prebiotic Nutraflora P-95 and 3-fold lower than Raftilose P-95. Determination of branching in biopolymers by size exclusion chromatography with light scattering (Malls), viscosity, and refractive index detection. However, the currently available transdermal systems are limited by low drug permeability across the skin due to the lipophilic barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost skin layer of the skin [3,4,5]; the methods favor low molecular mass, and lipophilic molecules, making it difficult to exploit the transdermal route for large and water-soluble molecules such as proteins and peptides. Gums and stabilisers for the Food Industry, 5, 447-450. Radius Garcia de la Torre, J.; Carrasco, B. (2013). Ther. The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their Effect on Red Blood Cell Aggregation. Solvent effects on polysaccharide conformation. In addition, we evaluated the regeneration of SC after microporation. Figure1 shows a schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. dextran pp13-21. Format). Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte; France; Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte The Mark-Houwink parameters indicate the dependence with temperature (T) in the range from 20 to 50C, ie with increasing T a increases and kM-H decreases. Guner, Ali (1999). The human skins were from the back or thigh of a 24-year-old woman. Advances in Physical Chemistry, Vol. volume24, Articlenumber:22 (2020) ; Picout, D.R. Epub 2012 May 28. Macromolecules, 31, 7712-7716. Monolayers and Thin Films of Dextran Hydrophobically Modified. Google Scholar. All possible degrees of curling can be displayed by any molecule, but there will be an average configuration which will depend on the solvent. The hydrodynamic radius R h, defined as the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as the solute, takes these effects into account. Based on these results a difference of approximately 1015% between the amounts of drugs permeated through the human skin and pig skin models should be considered during human clinical trials. Thomas Gutberlet (Lipoteichoic Acid): Statistiques d'influence
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