388, 7381 (2010), H. Li, G. Hu, F. Guo, L. Zhao, J. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Can. F. Whler (1844) "Untersuchungen ber das Chinon" (Investigations of quinone). Lastly, I'd like to add benzoic acid for preservation purposes. The Molecular Weight is 110.11 g/mol. Hydroquinone Revision Date 24-Dec-2021 General Advice If symptoms persist, call a physician. Therefore, the solubility values of hydroquinone in different solvents are required; however, the data availability in the literature is poor.3-7 In this work, the solubility data of hydroquinone in water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and acetic acid from 276.65 K to 345.10 K under atmospheric pressure were . I can only tell you how to mix the powder solution to the liquid solvent. Data 53, 199200 (2008), N. Sunsandee, S. Suren, N. Leepipatpiboon, M. Hronec, U. Pancharoen, Fluid Phase Equilib. Consistent with a condensation reaction, water was determined to be the primary byproduct. 57, 295300 (2013), R. F. Pires, M. R. Franco Jr, Fluid Phase Equilib. It is a reducing agent that is reversibly oxidized to semiquinone and quinone. [17], An important reaction is the conversion of hydroquinone to the mono- and diamine derivatives. Hydroquinone is an aromatic organic compound which is currently used in two main sectors: . Preferably, the protected retinoid, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin), is in the form of small beads or spheres suitable for incorporation into a topical composition. PubMedGoogle Scholar. 0 7 r @ &. Other antioxidants, for example cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, and sodium ascorbyl phosphate, have not been utilized in combination with hydroquinone in view of the acidic pH, generally from about 3.4 to about 3.5, and the recommended pH range for magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is about 7.0 to 8.5. Thanks to the added vitamin E, it leaves your skin feeling smooth and soft, too. If you are already a ChemPoint customer then sign up for access to our online ordering website. Table II shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white or light straw color with the addition of at least about 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and when about 1.0 to about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is used in the pH range of about 7.0. GHS H Statement: Causes serious eye damage.Suspected of causing genetic defects.May cause an allergic skin reaction.Suspected of causing cancer.Harmful if swallowed.Very toxic to aquatic life. Data 51, 16681671 (2006), C. L. Yaws, S.-C. Lin, Enthalpy of fusion at freezing pointOrganic compounds, in Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, William Andrew Publishing (Elsevier, 2009), pp. I'm using it for spot treatment of some hyper pigmentation (less than 1% of my body). The present invention combats this problem, with hydroquinone compositions in the neutral pH range, preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. If you have any specific questions, please include them in the comments section. Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (also called magnesium ascorbityl phosphate or magnesium L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate) has a chemical formula of C. In another embodiment, sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate are used in about 0.01% (preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5%, most preferably at least about 0.1%,) and about 0.5% (preferably from about 0.25% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 1%, and most preferably at least about 0.5%) respectively in a composition with about 4% hydroquinone. Sodium metabisulfite has the added advantage that it does not discolor by oxidation. 2y.-;!KZ ^i"L0- @8(r;q7Ly&Qq4j|9 Our team has been notified and we will fix it as soon as possible. I've been presented with the problem of trying to dissolve Hydroquinone in a solvent other than water. Availability. Then add it to the ingredients. The solubility was increased by addition of ethanol, reached a maximum . How do I dissolve hydroquinone powder to make a 20% and 10% concentration? This study was funded by Ministre de l'Enseignement Suprieur et de la Recherche Scientifique. The combined nearly ideal binary solvent (NIBS)-Redlich-Kister equation is . SAS Anti-ox booster 1% 0.3g. In the environment, hydroquinone showed increased toxicity for aquatic organisms, being less harmful for bacteria and fungi. Thermodyn. [24], Numerous studies have revealed that hydroquinone, if taken orally, can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disfiguring disease in which blue-black pigments are deposited onto the skin; however, skin preparations containing the ingredient are administered topically. 88, 161164 (2010), J. Delgado, Int. 38, 565571 (2006), K. Carlsson, B. Karlberg, Anal. 0000005757 00000 n The Density of hydroquinone is . Phillip M. Hudnall "Hydroquinone" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. If youd like my help or recipes for this bleaching cream please contact me on Instagram @kaylinell and @kay.linell or Facebook at kay linell. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. It is highly soluble in water (70 g/litre at 25 C) and the log n-octanol/water partition coefficient is 0.59. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, C. M. S. de Mendona, I. P. de Barros Lima, C. F. S. Arago, A. P. B. Gomes, J. Therm. Discoloration of hydroquinone compositions may be accelerated by repeated exposure to oxygen or exposing the compositions to high temperatures, which may be found inside a car or delivery vehicle on a hot sunny day. isosorbide, Ascorbic acid, i.e. 0000002585 00000 n antiphlogistics and cardiaca, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients, Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen, . [32], Hydroquinone is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms. Production of Hydroquinone Industrial production of hydroquinone usually happens in two ways. HVoLg~Z+ 0000085850 00000 n Have an order or account question? The Beaver: Its Life and Impact. EP, Kind code of ref document: It is soluble in water. The experimental solubilities were correlated using two regression equations. 15, 188196 (1996), U. Domaska, Fluid Phase Equilib. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Without being limited to the mechanism of this discoloration, it is believed that the discoloration may be caused at least in part by oxidation of the hydroquinone. Retinoids are included in the invention from about 0.01 to about 5%, preferably from about 0.025% to about 2.0%, more preferably from about 0.05% to about 1%, and most preferably from about 0.025% to about 0.5%. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. Place an order online, track your orders, download SDS and TDS, and see your quotes, all in one secure place. The Boiling Point of hydroquinone is 287C Also, the Melting Point of hydroquinone is 172C. Editor's Rating: 114, 175188 (1996), I. Hahnenkamp, G. Graubner, J. Gmehling, Int. HlRMo0WB:NnVCnE4(i0 (1* )@NzHR!>i;8XaXnsO0LNT0l$B%"NAb0I9V *6/-\vn0W"fKF:AAgl:psRZ?k`&eB IUQ0ET;W#vL=@XwRG{-LHlTz]^s%OB(GF 11'I 4]DYR@'c application/pdf This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976. Hydroquinone occurs as fine, white needles. These can be burning, redness, sensitization and irritation in some patients. This invention relates to methods and compositions for the treatment of pigmentation disorders, including hyperpigmentation and vitiligo. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02750-4. Eng. NR 1L~tyj|ZZ3]jFlszH#bd]="nVj =rBF-=Y?Pe 3(\[3;wR-+7Fn ~pSQ(Rpiw^zYr''t@\vobE]u'C}io0q;^k5C@|zZNNA>,XOrztV;qO*w:MC$OI\_$Io 'v [ We apologize! This compound is gathered from the beaver's castor sacs.[35]. Classical photo shops also sell hydroquinone. Can be destroyed by oxidizing it with an oxidizing mixture. Hydroquinone is 1,4-benzenediol. Find answers in our support articles. The method of item 1 07 wherein the hydroquinone is present in about 4%. You can expect to hear from a technical specialist within 1 business hour. 0000000731 00000 n This range of pH has been preferred for hydroquinone compositions, because it has been believed that the hydroquinone is less likely to excessively discolor under acid conditions. Eng. fungichromin, Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. %PDF-1.4 % While patients suffer from pigmentation disorders, they may also suffer from other skin disorders and signs of aging, including but not limited to rough skin texture, mottled pigmentation, sallow complexion, lines and wrinkles. &"oq YcbX.=a*t R@ 58 / Monday, March 26, 2012 / Rules and Regulations 10/31/2017 EN (English US) 6/8 12.3. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 2 Liquid phase only; silicon dioxide remains as a residue in these solvents. [Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C(O)=O, SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILET PREPARATIONS, Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin, PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL, OR TOILET PURPOSES, Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients, Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. The FDA had classified hydroquinone in 1982 as a safe product - generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE), however additional studies under the National Toxicology Program (NTP) were suggested in order to determine whether there is a risk to humans from the use of hydroquinone. Then take the water and put the measurement into the microwave until boiled. Solubility: Moderately soluble in water, glycerin, propylene glycol, and highly soluble in ethanol Features & Benefits Can work in conjunction with glycolic acid to help reduce pigment in melasma Non-GMO Extremely low vapor pressure USP Grade European Pharma Grade Drug master file available upon request Applications On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 0000002198 00000 n Thus, while cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, have beneficial antioxidant effects on the skin, the combination with hydroquinone in the invention results in a compatible and stable composition. At 40C, 4% hydroquinone compositions have the same color stability with slightly more sodium metabisulfite, at least about 0.01% at about 3.5 to about 4.0 pH; at least about 0.05% sodium metabisulfite at about 4.5 to about 6.0 pH; and at pH; at least about 0.05% sodium metabisulfite at about 4.5 to about 6.0 pH; and at least about 0.10% sodium metabisulfite at about 6.5 to about 7.0 pH. Retinoids, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin), are beneficial for improving rough skin texture, mottled pigmentation, sallow complexion, lines and wrinkles. The protective system can be an entrapment system, a single or multi- laminar system, such as by the formation of vesicles such as a liposome or by utilizing wax, paraffin, silicone, polyethylene, or any material or system which protects the retinoid from oxidation. Formula of hydroquinone is . Hydroquinone (C 6 H 4 (OH) 2), also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound, with a variety of uses in chemistry. 12.4. According to the polar paradox theory, this should lead to a dissolution of . It is also used to prepare 2% bleaching creams and certain intermediates for the synthesis of dyes, and it has some activity as an antitumoragent. Variations in pH have proven to result in excessive discoloration ranging from brownish to black. [31], Hydroquinones are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other compounds, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir. How to dissolve Hydroquinone to make 4 oz. 2017-02-16T09:38:58+01:00 Hydroquinone is extensively used as a photographic developer, an antioxidant, and a stabilizing agent for readily oxidizable polymers. Eastman Hydroquinone, USP, meets or exceeds the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia and is produced under conditions of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP). 108. 0000000807 00000 n 0000002221 00000 n The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber. 374 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 376 /H [ 807 1414 ] /L 581425 /E 96582 /N 109 /T 573826 >> endobj xref 374 19 0000000016 00000 n Protected retinoid, with its skin benefit capabilities, may also be included with the hydroquinone composition. Tests, which results are detailed in the following two tables, are performed to show how well sodium metabisulfite ("SMBS") stabilizes color at each pH at 5C and 40C in 4% hydroquinone ("HQ") compositions. x- [ 0}y)7ta>jT7@t`q2&6ZL?_yxg)zLU*uSkSeO4?c. R -25 S>Vd`rn~Y&+`;A4 A9 =-tl`;~p Gp| [`L` "AYA+Cb(R, *T2B- Additionally, the hydroquinone compositions frequently discolor over time and turn from a whitish color to a brown or even black. 65, 5786 (1998), Y.-H. Zhang, Trends Analyt. Table I shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white color with the addition of at least about 0.01% sodium metabisulfite at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and at least 0.05% sodium metabisulfite for pH about 6.0 to about 7.0. 0000004433 00000 n The document was not able to download due to an unknown error. Hydroquinone can lose a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups to form a diphenolate ion. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic, hydroximic acids, Carboxylic acids, e.g. The information given is designed only as a guide for safe handling and use. endstream endobj 277 0 obj <>stream Hydroquinone is a white crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water, but more soluble in organic solvents. 0000005089 00000 n As utilized herein, the inhibition of the retinoid oxidation should be sufficient to prohibit browning of the composition for its shelf life, preferably greater than about six months, more preferably greater than about twelve months, and most preferably greater than about eighteen months. A3, Free format text: Eastman has active ingredients, thickeners, plasticizers, film formers, and more for your personal care formulations. A specific embodiment of the invention is listed in the following table. Best Budget Hydroquinone Cream Ambi Skincare Fade Cream (56g/2oz) View on Amazon. The obtained results show that the . Thus, merely adding one retinoid to a hydroquinone composition would result in instability and/or discoloration, and adding hydroquinone to a retinoid product would have a similar result. 2005 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. Chem. 29(3): 283-330, 1999. Hydroquinone can be made through several routes. [27] Several such agents are already available or under research,[28] including azelaic acid,[29] kojic acid, retinoids, cysteamine,[30] topical steroids, glycolic acid, and other substances. Chem. There are various other uses associated with its reducing power. The solubilities in binary and ternary systems of hydroquinone (1,4-dihydroxybenzene) and p-quinone (1,4-benzoquinone) in supercritical carbon dioxide were measured in the pressure range 10.0 to 35.0 MPa at temperatures of 333, 348 and 363 K.In binary systems, the solubility of hydroquinone was three orders of magnitude lower than that of p-quinone. Appearance: Free-flowing white crystalsOdor: OdorlessMolecular weight: 110.11Empirical formula: C6H6O2Assay (Anhydrous basis): 99.0-100.5 %Melting point: 172-174CWater: 0.5 wt % max.Residue on ignition: 0.5 % maxSolubility: Moderately soluble in water, glycerin, propylene glycol, and highly soluble in ethanol, Can work in conjunction with glycolic acid to help reduce pigment in melasma Non-GMOExtremely low vapor pressureUSP GradeEuropean Pharma GradeDrug master file available upon request. Place water in container then bring the temperature to 15c in a boil bath then add products at this point when youre making the lotion u will need to add the other ingredients. Hydroquinone Safety Data Sheet according to Federal Register / Vol. ;O,1Y+%8#oKT^VWtew4>@V.SR :hmBZ>#ey!UC5! / /n Eng. 2017-02-16T10:10:56+01:00 Toughness of the polymer increases due to the presence of flexible units in the backbone such as long chain diols (e.g., diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol) or long chain saturated acids (e.g., adipic . valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. Polysorbate 20 0.5% 0.15g. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of cookies. English, J.C. and Deisinger, P.J. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. One embodiment of the invention is a composition which comprises hydroquinone (about 1% to about 12%, preferably about 2% to about 10%, more preferably about 2% to about 8%, more preferably with about 2% to about 4%, and most preferably about 3% to about 4%) and has a neutral pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. 0000004197 00000 n They may also include ingredients with other therapeutic actions, such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, exfoliants and peels. Mobility in soil No additional information available 12.5. Keywords: D-170D; D-170; D170D; D170 Created Date AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR, Kind code of ref document: 0000008514 00000 n The most preferred example of such an antioxidant is sodium metabisulfite. I'd like the consistency to be thin like a gel so that it absorbs quicker. It is a major component in most black and white photographic developers for film and paper where, with the compound metol, it reduces silver halides to elemental silver. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012, Free format text: The preferred form of protected retinol is manufactured by SunSmart (also known as Particle Sciences, Inc. of Bethlehem, PA) under the brand name of SunCaps A-1283. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Hydroquinone oxidation with V2O5/NaClO3/H2SO4, http://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Hydroquinone&oldid=11523, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later. Protected retinoid may be added to these compositions for additional skin benefit effects. HYdroquinone can be found in various skin care products. The solubility in water is 6.72g/L. However, hydroquinone discolors at the pH range of 7.0 to 8.5. Forms of retinoids have been developed wherein the retinoid is protected by a protective system. It is found in wheat, rye, and barley.It is a precursor to diverse industrial products including polymers and plasticizers, as well as being a component of a number of hair and skin conditioners. Eng. If youre making your lotion. Hydroquinone | C6H4(OH)2 or C6H6O2 | CID 785 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities . 38, 40814091 (1999), J. Qingzhu, M. Peisheng, Y. Shouzhi, W. Qiang, W. Chang, L. Guiju, J. Chem. Get medical attention. Dietland Muller-Schwarze, 2003, page 43 (, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Additive manufacturing of ceramics from preceramic polymers, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31976L0768:EN:HTML, "Clear N Smooth Skin Toning Cream recalled", Skin Bleaching Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Product Use; Proposed Rule, "About the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research - Hydroquinone Studies Under The National Toxicology Program (NTP)", Campaign For Safe Cosmetics - Hydroquinone, "Skin lightening preparations and the hydroquinone controversy", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydroquinone&oldid=1136453324, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2016, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The most widely used route is similar to the, A potentially significant synthesis of hydroquinone from, Hydroquinone was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists, Pelletier and Caventou (1820) "Recherches chimiques sur les quinquinas" (Chemical investigations of quinquinas [i.e., the bark of various, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 11:09. Compositions according to this invention may include additives or components to enhance the skin penetration of its ingredients. 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate protected at pH 6.0-7.0, 1.0-1.5% at pH 5.5-7.0, and 2.0-3.0% at pH 3.5-7.0. Other properties of hydroquinone are given in Table 1. Methods and products for nucleic acid production and delivery, Nucleic acid product and its administration method, Nucleic acid product and method of administration thereof, Compositions and systems for the treatment of hyperpigmentation, Methods for prevention of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, Skin care compositions containing retinoids, Improved method for stability of ageing comprising thirosinase inhibitor activity, Use of ascorbic acid to reduce irritation of topically applied active ingredients, COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS WITH ANTIMICOTIC PROPERTIES, EFFECTIVE AGAINST PSORIASIS AND HAIR LOSS AND COSMETIC METHOD FOR, Treatment or prevention of undesired skin pigmentation, Skin care compositions and method of improving skin appearance, Ultrasound enhancement of percutaneous drug absorption, Skin whiteners containing hydroxytetronic acid, Stabilized retinoid-containing skin care compositions, Retinoid compositions containing a water soluble antioxidant and a chelator, Composition and method for treating rosacea and sensitive skin with free radical scavengers, Skin care compositions containing imidazoles and retinoids, Stable compositions containing a retinoid and an enzyme based antioxidant system, Self-tanning compositions containing dha and propolis extract, Composition and process for stabilizing oxygen-unstable species, Bleaching preparation and cosmetic for preventing and improving aging of skin, Composition and method for the treatment of pigmentation disorders, Composition for cosmetic or pharmaceutical use, Remedies for pigmentation and melanocyte proliferation inhibitors, Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase, Divisional application: reference to earlier application, Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent. Hope it helps 6 yrs later. vz >I d50dwp?i4,H3. Cite this article. With respect to organic solvents, the solubility varies from 57% in ethanol to less than 0.1% in benzene. Antioxidants, preferably sulfites, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts, and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, have been used to stabilize certain compositions, which have included hydroquinone. [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC([O-])=C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C1=O, N1=CC(C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1C#CC1=CC=C(SCCC2(C)C)C2=C1, C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C3=CC=C(C(=C3)C34CC5CC(CC(C5)C3)C4)OC)=CC=C21, CC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C, disodium;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate, [Na+]. A method of stabilizing a hydroquinone composition, comprising hydroquinone and one or more protected retinoids, comprising: maintaining pH of the composition at about 5.5 to about 8.0. Acta 423, 137144 (2000), S.-T. Lin, S. I. Sandler, Ind. Recent pieces of . Environ. Hydroquinone is considered to be readily biodegrable and photodegradable. Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated.