In the end, these elements of freedom-becoming educated-led to his last act of rebellion, which he thought would bring him freedom. While this quote is from a credible source (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics), it merely restates the claim and reasoning, rather than providing actual evidence to support it. eNotes Editorial, 21 Jan. 2020, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-is-frederick-douglass-s-overall-claim-in-the-152137. While this quote is from a credible source (Carolina Justice Policy Center) and provides factual evidence, the evidence is not relevant to the specific claim and reasoning provided. Douglass's life-story is presented in a way that creates a compelling argument against the justification of slavery. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - daxasys.com Making a claim is just a fancy way of saying that you're stating your main point. To this day, Douglass endures unequalled as the invincible adversary of racial despair and disaffectionthe preeminent exemplar and apostle of hopefulness in the American promise of justice for all. OR. For example, this argument misses the key point that. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - ferramedia.com A reason makes someone care and tells the importance of the claim and the argument. Every year adds to his wealth and to his intelligence. [N]o one seems to have doubted the correctness of the prevailing opinion of the time.[4]. II, p. 235; Address on the Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation, April 16, 1883, in Douglass Papers, Vol. [32] Douglasss response was disarmingly blunt. Reasoning is the author's logic used to support and prove their claims. Note that every step of the argument is supported by credible evidence. Due to this criticism, he had to mask much of his work with irony. With due respect to King and to other stalwarts of the 20th-century movement, I submit that in the search for the most thoughtful proponents of the pro-integration, pro-America argument, there is no worthier object of our attention than the life and thought of the greatest of their 19th-century predecessors, the renowned abolitionist and advocate of civil and political equality Frederick Douglass. In paragraph 5, what does douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to Let him alone![33], This response epitomizes Douglasss career-long insistence on the cultivation of self-reliant virtue as the primary means of elevation from the degraded condition in which many years of slavery and proscription had left most black Americans. Although Frederick Douglass believes that the only way to freedom for him and his fellow slaves, is through learning how to build on. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, brings to light many of the social injustices that colored men, women, and children all were forced to endure throughout the nineteenth century under Southern slavery laws. "What is Frederick Douglass's overall claim in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? IV, ed. Doubts arose as to whether so skilled an orator could ever have been a slave, and Douglass responded by writing his first autobiography. He includes personal accounts he received while under the control of multiple different masters. 556, 569. It is particularly important also to pay renewed attention to the most thoughtful apostles of the integrationist faith among the major figures of the AfricanAmerican protest tradition. [48] What the Black Man Wants, in Douglass Papers, Vol. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? The following sentence frames helped out my students considerably: First Contrasting Transition +Name the Opposition +Strong Verb + Opposing Point of View +Evidence + Analysis + Second Contrasting Transition + Reference the Opposing Point of View + Turn, However, But, Admittedly, Although, Alternatively, Strong Verbs + Denial/Assertion or Assertion, Denial:reject, oppose, disagree, question, doubt thisview andAssertion:argue that, reason that, claim that, support, conclude that. Would you want to have stolid friends? Yet, while Douglass narrative describes in vivid detail his experiences of life as a slave, what Douglass intends for his readers to grasp after reading his narrative is something much more profound. Sometimes, an author breaks their overall claim, or thesis, into smaller claims called sub-claims. We utterly repudiate all invidious distinctions, whether in our favor or against us, and ask only for a fair field and no favor.[49]. In this respect, what is notable in Douglasss advocacy of education reforms is that whereas he justified them primarily as the payment of a debt due specifically to those formerly enslaved and their relationsspecifically to black Americanshe proposed the payment of that debt by a policy framed in nonracial terms, designed to benefit Americans irrespective of race. 2. At the same time, Douglass' exploration of Christianity, and its hypocrisy when used to justify slavery, and the idea that the promise of freedom cannot be realized when a group of people are enslaved, helps to bolster the claims that slavery is America's "original sin.". In Ch. This deep, Lockean insight, which he shared, once again, with Americas Founders, moved Douglass to defend the natural right of property against errors and attacks from divergent positions. Above all, the Constitution must be interpreted in light of its commitment to secure the blessings of liberty for all. [27] Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of The Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. Key Arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" 9, how does Douglass come to know the date? [57] Douglass, Schools Are a Common Platform of Nationality, May 9, 1872, in Douglass Papers, Vol. The louder she screamed, the harder he whippedI was quite a child, but I well remember it. No words, no tears, no prayers, from his gory victim, seemed to move his iron heart from its bloody purpose. V, p. 625. Objecting to the efforts of some white benevolent societies, he urged his black compatriots indignantly to reject any condition of dependence: A new condition has brought new duties. What country have I? he asked, a member of a race placed outside the protections of law, and answered, I have no patriotism. She is certified to teach 6-12 grade ELA. The counterclaim is just one of the four elements of an argument, which include: Claim - to assert facts that give rise to a legally enforceable right or judicial action. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass is thrown into a new world of knowledge and opportunity, once he learns how to read and write. This meant first the reintegration of a country still badly divided by sectionalism in the immediate aftermath of the war. 386387. Northerners, remembering their revolutionary heritage enough, at least, to remain vigilant in defense of their own rights, would increasingly view these actions as aggressions until the point was reached that slaveholders, by their own imperial overreach, had assembled a coalition of enemies too large for them to defeat. Douglass' primary claim in his narrative is that a nation predicated upon individual freedom cannot allow slavery to exist. I was nothing before, he wrote in his autobiography, reflecting on the episode. This grand achievement taught Douglass something, as he says, From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery to freedom. -the struggle for freedom changes through history by always separating one race from the other, and calling one superior Counterclaim - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary Douglasss suggestions in these remarks about the proper way to conceive of reparation for slavery nicely encapsulate his political thought in the postwar period and indeed throughout his entire career. He understands that education is his only way out of slavery. Another is that slavery is an institution fundamentally based on violence, telling the story of the vicious beatings an aunt of his would often receive: I have often been awakened at the dawn of day by the most heart-rending shrieks of an own aunt of mine, whom he used to tie up to a joist, and whip upon her naked back till she was literally covered with blood. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Douglass unveils the atrocious truth about slavery that was hidden for so many years. Through the use of first person encounters, Frederick Douglass in his narrative A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass argues that the key to freedom is claimed through education. Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. When he spoke those words he was less than 10 years removed from the depredations of slavery, and the position he took in that 1847 speech reiterates the signature doctrine of his early Garrisonian mentors, for whom condemnation of the Constitution as a villainous compromise with slavery represented an article of abolitionist faith. Criticizethe evidence and analysis of the counterclaimas being unimportant, irrelevant, or a misinterpretation. Douglass rejected the various white disintegrationists for obvious reasons, and he rejected the black variants too. Without it, black Americans would remain all too often outside the protection of law, dependent for their rights on white officeholders who lacked any electoral incentive to represent them. In the Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass, we are exposed to the iniquity of slavery and the dehumanization of the black race, which then led Frederick Douglass to recognize that literacy and education would aid him in his flight to freedom. Its easy for us to admit that slavery is wrong but, in Frederick Douglasss time no one thought that it was. Come what will, I hold it to be morally certain that, sooner or later, by fair means or foul means, in quiet or in tumultslavery is doomed to cease out of this otherwise goodly land, and liberty is destined to become the settled law of this Republic.[20]. Soon enough after AfricanAmericans gained the vote, Douglass believed, the interests of white politicians and voters would overcome their prejudices; blacks would be courted by the leaders of all parties, and their rights and interests would be recognized in law and policy.[41]. His forceful resistance proved no less powerfully liberating than his literacy. In paragraph 5, what does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his Douglass states that "scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed." In the detective show, evidence is usually physical - like DNA or fingerprints. Those who are skeptical of the claim of a post-racial America have a point. Counterclaim - Argumentative Essay - Kennett Middle School Library Passage of the bill would signify, he contended, at least a recognition of a great national duty towards a people to whom an immeasurable debt is due. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. the debate over slavery? Everybody has asked the question, he complained in early 1865, and they learned to ask it early of the abolitionists, What shall we do with the negro after emancipation? The body of the essay is three paragraphs and contains the author's reasoning, evidence, and counterclaims. Reasons for a claim can also be written as a "because" statement with the claim: the United States should ban capital punishment because capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison. The evidence is the facts, data, and quoted experts used to provide support for the reasoning. God and nature speak to our manhood and manhood alone.[58]. But this is the opinion of the Founding and, more generally, of the nations basic moral architecture that critics have propounded widely in todays schools and universities. What [Lincoln] said on this day, Douglass wrote in his final autobiography, showed a deeper moral conviction against slavery than I had ever seen before in anything spoken or written by him.[26]. He states This battle with Mr. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. Answer: a. dependence on a neighbor in terms of access to water trade. What evidence does he use to support his claim?" But in 1804 the North voted to abolish slavery but the South refused making states escape the union.Slavery in the South had an effect on the economy, but also on the slaves.Frederick Douglass, who was once a slave with his family in Maryland suffered greatly, but still pushed on and finally escaped and became a national leader of the abolition in the south movement.He made a narrative about his life as a slave and stated that the purpose of the narrative is to throw light on the American slave system.The goal of this paper is to discuss three aspects his narrative discusses that he throws light on, his position against the feelings of defenders of, The Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass is the story of Frederick Douglass life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. The prostrate form, the uncovered head, the cringing attitude, the bated breath, the suppliant, outstretched hand of beggary does not become an American freeman, and does not become us as a class, and we will not consent to be any longer represented in that position. ALL Shopping Rod. If someone conceded a point, did he or she continue to argue against it? That appreciation was, however, specific to the maturity of his thought. After providing the thesis in the introduction, the author then spends the entire essay working to prove that claim through sub-claims (the central claim broken down into smaller chunks), reasoning, and evidence. -yes! Two key components of an argumentative essay are the reasons and evidence. Every year adds to the black mans numbers. In his reasonable faith in their ultimate triumph in America, Douglass found an enormous reservoir of strength that he labored to share with others. While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his . His argument is reinforced though a variety of anecdotes, many of which detailed strikingly bloody, horrific scenes and inhumane cruelty on the part of the slaveholders. II, pp. Below is an example of an effective claim, supported by reason and on-topic, credible evidence, followed by an effective counterclaim that disagrees with and disproves the claim through its own reasoning, evidence to support the counterclaims, as well as an effective rebuttal to the counterclaim with evidence of its own. Accessed 4 Mar. Another way to organize the body of the essay is to spend two paragraphs discussing reasons and providing evidence for support and using the third body paragraph to address a counterclaim. The reasoning is the logic used to prove a claim. [8] The reader interested in a fuller account of Douglasss life should begin by reading Douglasss autobiographies: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845); My Bondage and My Freedom (1855); and Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1881; expanded 1892). In paragraph 5, (b) How does he refute that counterclaim? Central to the question of the wars larger moral legacy was the fate of those with whom he peculiarly identified: those lately emancipated. Knowing that your mom could care less about the newest games, appeal to what she thinks is important - your grades. His life was transformed yet again in August 1841, when the nations foremost abolitionist, William Lloyd Garrison, heard him speak at meetings in New Bedford and Nantucket, Massachusetts, and promptly offered him a position as a lecturer for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. Post comments: direct characterization of clarisse fahrenheit 451 direct characterization of clarisse fahrenheit 451 How many masters did Frederick Douglass have? Additionally, it comes from a credible source: an academic paper from the. He makes an eloquent case for slavery as an evil and indefensible institution, and he points out as well that it corrupts whites to have such immense power over other human beings. [21], Douglass believed that slavery was doomed, first and foremost, because he believed that the law of nature as epitomized in the Declaration was, at some deep level, not only true but known or felt to be true by all concerned in the conflict over slavery. An argumentative essay is an essay in which the writer tries to persuade a particular audience that their claim or point of view is correct. In Douglasss day, the forces of disintegration were represented by slaveholders, white supremacists, segregationists, colonizationists, and the more extreme partisans of state or regional sovereignty, and also by black emigrationists and other proponents of black nationalism in its own more extreme forms. Note that the only factual claim on the topic is the claim of fact. [61] Douglass, Why Is the Negro Lynched? in Life and Writings, Vol. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - piyusharora.com He states, The offence for which this girl was thus murdered was this: She had been set that night to mind Mrs. Hickss baby, and during the night she fell asleep, and the baby cried. This anecdote, among many others, is helpful in persuading the reader to understand the severity of rule slaveholders hold above their slaves. A counterclaim is the opposite of the argument, or the opposing argument. The conclusion should sum up the author's entire argument from the essay. To be deprived of the vote in America, or in any democracy, he continued, is to suffer a double injustice. Frederick Douglasss account on slavery could be seen as biased as a result of first hand experiences with being held as a slave. Frederick Douglass shows her fast transformation from generosity to hard-heartedness to show the pernicious effect slavery has on white slave owners. 42% of the inmates are black, although African-Americans only account for 12.5% of the U.S. population" (Walter). Taking a long view, Douglass judged that there was no greater danger to the elevation of black people and the integration of America than this spirit of alienation. Douglass made these particular remarks in a speech at the dedication of an industrial education institution in the state of Virginia, but they represent an extension of his broader advocacy, in this period, of a federally established system of public schools. Your argument can be summed up quickly. I, ed. Frederick Douglass, J. M. Whitfield, H. O . Counterclaims are also provable and supportable by reasons and evidence. After your mom's counterclaim, she'll probably ask, 'Why is it that you think you need a new cell phone? Good reasoning for a claim is on topic, logically sound, factual, and can be supported by evidence. (b) Up to that point, what evidence has he presented to support his claim? Soon thereafter, Frederick Douglass uses some smart tactics to resume his learning. How did Frederick Douglass learn to read? What did Frederick Douglass oppose? Slavery was brought to America in the 1600s taking millions of Africans from West Africa. Children would be separated from their mothers before they were twelve months in age-Frederick too was separated from his mother. Although, Douglass is able to be direct our thoughts to these experiences in such a light, you feel as if you are witnessing it happen right before you. Copyright 2009-2023 Pennington Publishing. How might a group of people denounce a government policy? [46] See Madison, Property, in Madison: Writings (New York: Library of America, 1999), pp. Not only will people need to know where you got your evidence, they might even want to see it. No people can make desirable progress or have permanent welfare outside of their own independent and earnest efforts. Its my students first attempt at writing the argumentative essay. 217, 219. Posted on June 22, 2022 by June 22, 2022 by (make). -he's hopeful that they hear what he's saying & things change over time, Write a summary of this excerpt from "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" The 1850s witnessed a series of what, to many, must have appeared to be catastrophic setbacks for the abolitionist cause, beginning with the execrated Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, including also the KansasNebraska Act of 1854, and culminating in the Dred Scott ruling in 1857. Pro-slavery whites pointed out that black people, when questioned, said they were happy with their situation. It is appealing to think that Kings dream has been realized, at least in its essentials, by the reforms of the Civil Rights Erareforms that King himself characterized as the third, the greatest, and the culminating American Revolution. [15] Douglass, What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? in Douglass Papers, Vol. These were indeed terrible enough; but deeper down, and more terrible still, were the mental and moral wrongs that slavery inflicted. By learning to read and write, Douglass eventually came to the conclusion that he was not living the life he wanted and longed to get away. -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames - Pennington Publishing Components of an Argument: Reasons and Evidence, Essay Introduction: Write a Thesis and Capture Your Audience, Point of View: First, Second & Third Person, Logos, Ethos and Pathos: 3 Ways to Appeal to an Audience in Essays, Parts of An Argument: Claims, Counterclaims, Reasons, and Evidence, Writing Informative Texts: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.2, Writing Narratives: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.3, Writing Development, Organization & Style: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.4, Revising & Editing: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.5, Conducting Research: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.7, Finding & Citing Sources: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.8, Writing Practice: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.10, CLEP American Literature: Study Guide & Test Prep, CLEP College Composition: Study Guide & Test Prep, 12th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Praxis English Language Arts: Content Knowledge (5038) Prep, College Composition for Teachers: Professional Development, Logical Argument: Definition, Parts & Examples, Understanding Whether Given Evidence Supports a Conclusion, Drawing Conclusions Based on Internal Validity, Verifiable Evidence, Reasoning, & Logical Arguments in Science, German Baroque Literature: Characteristics & Examples, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community.
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